Theodore Millon, PhD Website
View the Bariatric Norms Interpretive Sample Report
A World of Information with One Test The MBMD assessment helps provide a broader understanding of the personal reality that each patient faces. By helping identify psychosocial assets and liabilities that may affect an individual’s response to treatment, the MBMD test enables clinicians to develop tailored treatment recommendations.
Brief yet comprehensive, the MBMD inventory helps gather a range of information that it might otherwise require a battery of instruments to obtain. Two norm groups, one that includes a comprehensive sample of patients with chronic medical conditions, and one specific to bariatric surgery candidates, this contemporary test can help increase the likelihood of positive treatment outcomes and may thereby reduce the overall costs of care.
Psychologists, physicians, nurses and other professionals use the MBMD results to help:
- Identify patients who may have significant psychiatric problems and recommend specific interventions
- Pinpoint personal and social assets that may facilitate adjustment to physical limitations or lifestyle changes
- Determine whether patients need more communication and support in order to comply with prescribed medical regimens
- Structure post-treatment plans and self-care responsibilities in the context of the patient's social network
- NEW! The MBMD’s recently added bariatric norms can help determine a candidate’s psychological suitability for surgery, assist patients in making significant lifestyle changes, and prepare medical staff to respond to patients’ likely reactions following surgery.
- The MBMD’s broad normative sample permits the test’s use to be extended into sleep disorder centers, cancer treatment centers, cardiac rehabilitation programs, bariatric surgery departments, pain treatment centers, neurological rehabilitation units, military and veterans’ hospitals, primary care facilities and family medicine clinics.
- The Interpretive Report includes a one-page, tear-off Healthcare Provider Summary written in language medical professionals can readily understand, helping to facilitate communication between the psychologist and medical staff.
- The test’s 165 items require only 20–25 minutes to complete, helping to reduce patient resistance and fatigue.
- By enabling more effective treatment planning, the MBMD test may help decrease healthcare costs in clinics and hospitals through reduced assessment time, more efficient triage and decreased complications after major procedures.
| Administer To | Individuals 18 years and older |
| Reading Level | 6th grade |
| Completion Time | Approx. 20–25 minutes (165 true/false items) |
| Formats | Paper-and-pencil, CD or computer administration |
| Report Options | Profile,
Interpretive (with Healthcare Provider Summary),
Interpretive with Bariatric Summary based on Bariatric Norms |
| Scoring Options | Q™ Local Software
Mail-in Scoring Service
Hand Scoring
Fax-in Service
|
| Scales | 29 Content Scales grouped into 5 domains
3 Response Patterns
6 Negative Health Habits |
| Norm Groups | General medical norms based on 700 patients with a wide variety of medical conditions and Bariatric-specific norms based on more than 700 bariatric surgery candidates nationwide. |
Theodore Millon, PhD, DSc, was Founding Editor of the Journal of Personality Disorders and Inaugural President of the International Society for the Study of Personality Disorders. He has held Full Professorial appointments at Harvard Medical School, the University of Illinois , and the University of Miami. Among his professional activities, he is the primary developer of the Millon inventories. A prolific author, Professor Millon has written or edited more than thirty books, including Disorders of Personality, soon to be published in its third edition, and the just published Personalized Clinical Assessment: A Clinician’s Guide to the Millon Inventories. APA and APF have established the Theodore Millon Award for Mid-Career distinguished scholars in personality psychology. With the support of colleagues and Pearson, Professor Millon serves as Dean and Scientific Director of the Institute for Advanced Studies in Personology and Psychopathology.
Michael H. Antoni, PhD, a co-author of the new MBMD assessment, is Professor of Psychology and Psychiatry at the University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL. Director of a multi-million dollar NCI-funded Center for Psycho-Oncology Research, he has conducted numerous NIH-funded clinical trials testing the effects of cognitive-behavioral stress management on quality of life, immune function and health in patients with HIV, cancer, and chronic fatigue. An early contributor to studies on the relationship between the MCMI™ and the MMPI® tests, he is presently Associate Editor of the International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, author of over 120 journal articles, chapters and edited books, and is Editorial Board member of Health Psychology. Recipient of the Early Investigator Award from both the Society of Behavioral Medicine and the American Psychological Association, he is also a licensed and practicing Clinical Psychologist.
Carrie Millon, PhD, is Assistant Dean of the Institute for Advanced Studies of Personology and Psychopathology and was instrumental in the conception, development, and validation of the MBMD assessment. She has co-authored several texts in the personality/psychopathology field and has written numerous articles and chapters in the mental and physical health area. Prior to joining the Institute, Dr. Millon was an assistant professor at the University of Miami School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, director of the University‘s Biopsychosocial Center for the Study of AIDS, and director of the University‘s EAP program. She also helped design behavioral programs as a clinician at the University of Miami’s Pain and Rehabilitation Programs in its Department of Neurological Surgery.
Seth Grossman, PsyD, is a research coordinator and practicing psychologist at Florida International University's Counseling and Psychological Services Center, and Senior Consultant of Instructional Programs for the Institute for Advanced Studies in Personology and Psychopathology. His doctoral dissertation laid the groundwork for the theoretically anchored and contextually integrated “Grossman Facet Scales” of the MCMI-III. Dr. Grossman has co-authored over 30 journal articles, book chapters, instruments, and textbooks over the past eight years, and is now frequently lecturing and conducting training workshops on personality assessment and intervention, both nationally and internationally. He recently co-authored an expansion and reworking of Dr. Millon’s therapy model that is reflected in a new three-volume series on "Personalized Therapy" published by Wiley.
Response Patterns
X - Disclosure
Y - Desirability
Z - Debasement
Negative Health Habits
Alcohol
Drugs
Eating
Caffeine
Inactivity
Smoking
Psychiatric Indicators
AA - Anxiety-Tension
BB - Depression
CC - Cognitive Dysfunction
DD - Emotional Lability
EE - Guardedness
Coping Styles
1 - Introversion
2A - Inhibited
2B - Dejected
3 - Cooperative
4 - Sociable
5 - Confident
6A - Nonconforming
6B - Forceful
7 - Respectful
8A - Oppositional
8B - Denigrated
Stress Moderators
A - Illness Apprehension
B - Functional Deficits
C - Pain Sensitivity
D - Social Isolation
E - Future Pessimism
F - Spiritual Absence
Treatment Prognostics
G - Interventional Fragility
H - Mediation Abuse
I - Information Discomfort
J - Utilization Excess
K - Problematic Compliance
Management Guide
L - Adjustment Difficulties
M - Psych Referral
Test Components - Response Patterns
Help gauge distorted response tendencies in the patient's self-report - Negative Health Habits
Help gauge recent or current problematic behaviors affecting health, such as Alcohol, Drug, Eating, Caffeine, Inactivity, and Smoking - Psychiatric Indications
Help identify psychiatric comorbidities that may affect health management such as Anxiety-Tension, Depression, Cognitive Dysfunction, Emotional Lability, and Guardedness - Coping Styles
Help identify patients' approaches to handling everyday problems, as well as their medical condition and major life stressors - Stress Moderators
Help identify attitudes and resources that may affect health care such as Illness Apprehension, Social Isolation, Future Pessimism, Pain Sensitivity and Spiritual Absence.
The MBMD test now provides a choice of two normative samples. The general medical norms include a sample of more than 700 patients with a wide variety of medical conditions, including obesity, cancer, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, chronic pain, heart problems, neurological disorders, gastrointestinal complaints, gynecological problems, injuries and organ transplants. The bariatric norms are based on data collected from 711 prescreened bariatric surgery patients ages 19-68 from across the United States, including 585 females and 126 males with BMIs ranging from 31 to 84.
View a sample report based on bariatric norms.
Both internal consistency and test-retest analyses were used to estimate the reliability of the MBMD scales. Using the entire sample, the following internal consistency coefficients were obtained: Psychiatric Indications (rtt = .76 to .89); Coping Styles (rtt = .54 to .85); Stress Moderators (rtt = .85 to .89); Treatment Prognostics (rtt = .47 to .80); and Management Guide (rtt = .77 to .79). The median internal consistency coefficient for all scales is rtt = .79.
Using a smaller sample (N = 41), test-retest reliability estimates were also obtained: Psychiatric Indications (rtt = .79 to .88); Coping Styles (rtt = .71 to .90); Stress Moderators (rtt = .78 to .92); Treatment Prognostics (rtt = .72 to .88); and Management Guide (rtt = .78 to .81). The median test-retest coefficient for all scales is rtt = .83.
Several approaches were used to validate the scales included on the MBMD assessment. First, an item sorting procedure was used that required several medical professionals to place the items into the scales for which they were initially written. Only items that were sorted correctly by the majority of the raters were retained on the test for further analysis.
Second, after the MBMD scales had been refined based on internal consistency considerations, scale scores were correlated with a variety of other measures that assessed similar content domains to each of the scales. For example, the MBMD Depression scale correlated at .87 with the BDI, and .58 with the BSI Depression scale. The MBMD Spiritual Absence scale correlated at .85 with the Systems of Belief Inventory (a frequently employed measure of spiritual beliefs).
Profile Report (Product Number 51942)
Provides a graphic representation of the prevalence scores for all the content scales, plus a rating for the likelihood of a problem with the Response Patterns and Negative Health Habits.
View a sample Profile Report.
Interpretive Report With Healthcare Provider Summary
(Product Number 51941)
Provides a detailed narrative analysis of the patient’s reported strengths and weaknesses, a graphic representation of results and a convenient one-page Healthcare Provider Summary. The report also includes syntheses across scale domains, which integrate the results of the separate scales – in much the same way a clinician would integrate the results of several different tests or laboratory reports.
The Healthcare Provider Summary is a one-page report that provides healthcare professionals with a useful and concise summary of the patient's potential assets and weaknesses, and can be reviewed in a manner similar to that of medical lab reports.
View a sample Interpretive Report.
Interpretive Report With Bariatric Summary Based on Bariatric Norms
Provides a detailed narrative analysis of the patient’s reported strengths and weaknesses. One-page Bariatric Summary categorizes the patient’s information, normed on more than 700 bariatric surgical patients, and provides probabilistic judgments in areas of presurgical intervention, patient behavior, postsurgical outlook, and postsurgical care. The report also includes a graphic representation of results and a narrative syntheses across scale domains, integrating results of individual scales.
View a sample Interpretive Report based on bariatric norms.
Q™ Local Software - Enables you to score assessments, report results, and store and export data on your computer.
Mail-in Scoring Service - Specially designed answer sheets are mailed to us for processing within 24–48 hours of receipt and returned via regular mail.
Hand Scoring - Administer assessments on answer sheets and score them quickly yourself with an answer key.
Fax-in Service - Tests completed on paper-and-pencil faxed-in sheets
- Allows you to score the assessments at your site.
What is the MBMD test designed to do?
Medical researchers and healthcare practitioners understand that psychological and personality factors are major contributors to positive health outcomes. The MBMD test can help identify the main psychosocial factors that can contribute to the recovery from, relapse of, or progression of physical disease. By addressing these factors, behavioral health psychologists can help medical professionals better treat their patients. The results may be improved treatment success and rehabilitation/recovery from disease, as well as reduced medical utilization and contained healthcare costs.
When is it appropriate to use the MBMD test?
Because the MBMD test is normed on medical patients, it can be used with patients who are undergoing a variety of medical care or treatment regimens. The MBMD can help identify patients with psychiatric problems and recommend interventions. It can also help pinpoint personal and social assets that can help the patient adjust to physical limitations or lifestyle changes.
It is not appropriate to use the MBMD test with adolescents. The age range for the MBMD test is 18 to 89 years old.
How long does it take to administer the MBMD test?
The MBMD test has 165 True/False items and takes 20–25 minutes to administer.
What is the norm group for the MBMD test?
The MBMD test was normed on over 700 medical patients with a variety of medical conditions. The norm group included patients with the following conditions: heart problems, cancer, diabetes, gynecological problems, chronic pain, accident/injury, back pain, headaches, neurological problems, gastrointestinal problems, organ transplants, and HIV/AIDS. Approximately 52% of the sample were female, 60% were Caucasian, 48% were married, and 89% had at least a high school diploma.
Recently, bariatric-specific norms were developed for the MBMD test. Using data from 711 prescreened bariatric surgery patients collected across six geographically diverse settings, a bariatric reporting option was developed to represent this unique medical population. Approximately 82% of this sample were female, 65% were Caucasian, 54% were married, and 89% had at least a high school diploma.
Among several differences between norm groups, bariatric patients tend to be more concerned about illness, more prohibited from doing things, and in more pain than the general medical population. Differences such as these indicate that the average bariatric patient is not only physically different from the general medical population but psychologically different as well, justifying the effort to bring a more specific norm group to MBMD users.
How is the MBMD test different from the MBHI test?
Like the MBHI, the MBMD test provides information about a patient’s coping style. However, it also provides new scales (stress moderators, treatment prognostics, psychiatric indications, and management guides) and negative health habits and response patterns. Our customer research has shown that medical professionals are most interested in obtaining this type of patient information.
How is the MBMD test different from the BHI™ 2 test?
The BHI 2 test is designed to help identify the bio-psycho-social factors that may interfere with a patient’s normal course of recovery from an injury, chronic pain or illness. The BHI 2 test utilizes two sets of norms (rehab/chronic pain patient and community), as well as eight reference groups (chronic pain, headache/head injury, neck injury, back injury, upper extremity injury, lower extremity injury, fake good and fake bad). The MBMD test is a more psychopathology-based test and has a broader medical norm group consisting of a wide variety of medical conditions. The MBMD also includes some areas not covered by the BHI2, including coping styles, stress moderators and treatment prognostics, as well as negative health habits such as smoking, lack of exercise, and over eating.
How does the MBMD test differ from other medically based psychosocial tests?
Like other personality tests, the MBMD test provides information about a patient’s coping style. However, it also provides new scales (stress moderators, treatment prognostics, and psychiatric indications), and negative health habits that are worthy of a clinician’s attention. The interpretive report takes each patient’s individual style of coping into account in mediating the patient’s psychiatric symptoms, personal assets, external resources, and healthcare utilization. Thus, the interpretive report captures the process of synthesis that a seasoned clinician would use in integrating information from multiple test instruments. All of this can be achieved with high external validity and with minimal patient burden given that each MBMD test administration requires 20–25 minutes for the patient to complete.
How reliable is the MBMD test?
Internal consistency and test-retest analyses were conducted to estimate the reliability of the MBMD scales. Using the entire sample, the following internal consistency coefficients were obtained: Psychiatric Indications (rTT=.76 to .89), Coping Styles (rTT=.54 to .85), Stress Moderators (rTT=.85 to .89), Treatment Prognostics (rTTTT=.47 to .80), and Management Guides (rTT=.77 to .79). The median internal consistency coefficient for all scales is rTT=.79.
Using a smaller sample (N=41), test-retest reliability estimates were also obtained: Psychiatric Indications (rTT=.79 to .88), Coping Styles (rTT=.71 to .90), Stress Moderators (rTT=.78 to .92), Treatment Prognostics (rTT=.72 to .88), and Management Guides (rTT=.78 to .81). The median test-retest coefficient for all scales is rTT=.83.
Internal consistency and test-retest analyses were also conducted for the bariatric patient sample, resulting in the following reliability estimates: Psychiatric Indicators (rTT = .70 to .85), Coping Styles (rTT = .56 to .80), Stress Moderators (rTT = .77 to .89), Treatment Prognostics (rTT = .22 to .71), and Management Guides (rTT = .64 to .69). The median internal consistency coefficient for all scales is rTT = .70.
What is the validity of the MBMD test?
Several approaches were used to validate the scales included on the MBMD. First, an item-sorting procedure was used that required several medical professionals to identify which scale(s) each item appeared to be logically associated with. Only items that were sorted correctly by the majority of the raters were retained on the test for further analysis.
Second, after the MBMD scales had been refined based on internal consistency considerations, scale scores were correlated with a variety of other measures that assessed similar content domains. For example, the MBMD Depression scale correlated at .87 with the Beck Depression Inventory and .58 with the Brief Symptom Inventory Depression scale.
Third, medical professionals who were familiar with approximately 100 patients rated each patient on a number of attitudes and behaviors that are important to treatment outcomes (e.g., compliance, medication problems, utilization problems). A number of significant relationships were found between the MBMD scales and the medical staff ratings. For example, the Pain Sensitivity scale correlated .62 with a rating of Pain Experiences. The Adjustment Difficulties scale correlated .61 with a rating of Utilization Problems.
What is the difference between the MBMD Interpretive Report and the MBMD Bariatric Report?
Whereas the MBMD Interpretive Report was normed on a general medical population, the Bariatric Report was normed on a very specific bariatric population. Using data from 711 prescreened bariatric surgery patients, the MBMD Bariatric Report includes supplementary information that augments the MBMD Interpretive Report in several areas that are salient for patients who are considering, or are candidates for, bariatric surgery.
Is the MBMD Bariatric Report based on empirical data?
Based on the bariatric-specific scores and profiles, the Bariatric Report is intended to assist clinicians in making prudent and tentative management decisions for pre-surgical bariatric patients. Although the probabilistic statements made in the Bariatric Report are not empirically-derived and should not be considered definitive, they reflect judgments based on clinical experience, the bariatric research literature, and theory-deduced inferences. Non-psychosocial factors, such as BMI, energy metabolism, diabetic consequences, and hypertension, should also be kept in mind as outcome modifiers.
Studies to gather probabilistic predictive outcome indices are currently underway. Upon completion, these data will be drawn upon to further refine plausible hypotheses for this specific medical population.
Can I receive an Interpretive Report (not a Bariatric Report) for an examinee in a Bariatric setting?
Yes. When a bariatric patient is being evaluated, the clinician can choose to receive either the MBMD Interpretive Report or Bariatric Report. If the MBMD Interpretive Report option is chosen for the bariatric patient, the original general medical norms will be used. Similarly, if the Bariatric Report option is chosen, the bariatric norms will be used.
Why does my interpretive report look so different when I send it to a WordPerfect file?
Users of the MBMD Interpretive Report should anticipate differences in the look of this report when it is sent to a WordPerfect file rather than printed directly from this software. The interpretive report was designed with distinct paragraph headers which are actually graphic boxes inserted between the paragraphs of the report. When the report is sent to a WordPerfect file, the graphics lose their positioning on the page. The interpretive statements are correct in the WordPerfect files; only the formatting of the report is lost.